The Liberation of Auschwitz
Don't You Remember
Illustrator CC
In mid-January 1945, as Soviet forces approached the Auschwitz concentration camp complex, the SS began evacuating Auschwitz and its subcamps. SS units forced nearly 60,000 prisoners to march west from the Auschwitz camp system. Thousands had been killed in the camps in the days before these death marches began. Tens of thousands of prisoners, mostly Jews, were forced to march either northwest for 55 kilometers (approximately 30 miles) to Gliwice (Gleiwitz), joined by prisoners from subcamps in East Upper Silesia, such as Bismarckhuette, Althammer, and Hindenburg, or due west for 63 kilometers (approximately 35 miles) to Wodzislaw (Loslau) in the western part of Upper Silesia, joined by inmates from the subcamps to the south of Auschwitz, such as Jawischowitz, Tschechowitz, and Golleschau. SS guards shot anyone who fell behind or could not continue. Prisoners also suffered from the cold weather, starvation, and exposure on these marches. At least 3,000 prisoners died on route to Gliwice alone; possibly as many as 15,000 prisoners died during the evacuation marches from Auschwitz and the subcamps.
Upon arrival in Gliwice and Wodzislaw, the prisoners were put on
unheated freight trains and transported to concentration camps in
Germany, particularly to Flossenbürg, Sachsenhausen, Gross-Rosen, Buchenwald, Dachau, and also to Mauthausen
in Austria. The rail journey lasted for days. Without food, water,
shelter, or blankets, many prisoners did not survive the transport.
In late January 1945, SS and police officials forced 4,000 prisoners
to evacuate Blechhammer, a subcamp of Auschwitz-Monowitz, on foot. The
SS murdered about 800 prisoners during the march to the Gross-Rosen
concentration camp. SS officials also killed as many as 200 prisoners
left behind in Blechhammer as a result of illness or successful attempts
to hide. After a brief delay, the SS transported around 3,000
Blechhammer prisoners from Gross-Rosen to Buchenwald concentration camp
in Germany.
On January 27, 1945, the Soviet army entered Auschwitz, Birkenau, and Monowitz and liberated
around 7,000 prisoners, most of whom were ill and dying. It is
estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million
people to Auschwitz complex between 1940 and 1945. Of these, the camp
authorities murdered 1.1 million.
Copyright © United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005189
